Molecular Weight

393.39

Formula

C₂₁H₁₉N₃O₅

CAS No.

1194506-26-7

Storage

Shipping

Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere

Solvent & Solubility

DMSO: 7.75 mg/mL
* “<1 mg/mL” means slightly soluble or insoluble. “≥” means soluble, but saturation unknown.

Description

Fruquintinib (HMPL-013) is a highly potent and selective VEGFR 1/2/3 inhibitor with IC50s of 33, 0.35, and 35 nM, respectively.

IC50 & Target

IC50: 33 nM (VEGFR 1), 0.5 nM (VEGFR 2), 35 nM (VEGFR 3)

In Vitro

Fruquintinib demonstrates potent inhibition on VEGF-A dependent KDR phosphorylation in HEK293-KDR cells and VEGF-A induced proliferation in primary HUVECs with IC50s of 0.6±0.2 nM and 1.7 nM, respectively. Similarly, potent VEGFR3 attenuation by fruquintinib is observed in primary HLECs, with IC50s of 1.5 nM and 4.2 nM for VEGF-C stimulated VEGFR3 phosphorylation and proliferation, respectively. Fruquintinib suppresses the tube branching, tube length and area in a concentration-dependent manner. The tubule length of primary HUVECs decreased by 74% and 94% at 0.03 and 0.3 μM of fruquintinib, respectively. Fruquintinib inhibits HUVEC tubule growth and CAM angiogenesis. Tube formation is suppressed significantly after treatment with fruquintinib at 0.3 μM for 18 hours.

In Vivo

Gastric cancer BGC-823 model is found to be most sensitive to fruquintinib. In this model, fruquintinib inhibits tumor growth by 62.3% and 95.4∼98.6%, at 0.5 and 2 mg/kg once daily dosing, respectively. When the dose is elevated to 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, the tumors regress by 24.1% and 48.6%, respectively. The level of anti-tumor growth activity of fruquintinib varies in different tumor xenograft models. Fruquintinib significantly decreases the micro-vessel density even at the lowest dose of 0.8 mg/kg

Preparing Stock Solutions

Please refer to the solubility information to select the appropriate solvent.

Cell Assay

Fruquintinib is prepared initially as a 10 mM stock solution in DMSO and diluted in appropriate assay media.
Primary HUVECs or HLECs in exponential phase are suspended in 100 μL of RPMI-1640 media containing 0.5% FBS, and seeded at 5000 cell/well in 96-well plates pre-coated with 0.2% gelatin or fibronectin, and incubated overnight in a 5% CO2, 37°C incubator. Fruquintinib and VEGF-A165 or VEGF-C (50 ng/mL) are added and incubated for 48 hours. Viability of the cells is determined using CCK-8 assay format.

Animal Administration

Fruquintinib is suspended in aqueous 0.5% CMC-Na (w/v) and stored at 4°C.
Mouse: The patient derived xenograft models are established after the primary tumor adopted serial passages in vivo. Once tumors have grown to 100-300 mm3, the animals are randomly assigned with 6-8 animals per group. The mice are treated orally with the vehicle (control group) or fruquintinib at a dose range of 0.5-20 mg/kg suspended in the vehicle (treated group) once daily for 3 weeks. In combination studies, docetaxel (Taxotere, 5 mg/kg) or oxaliplatin (10 mg/kg) is administered to nude mouse via intravenous injection, once a week. Tumor size and body weights are measured 3 times a week. Tumor volumes (TV) are calculated